What was defined by the Lateran Treaties in 1929?

The correct choice pertains to the Lateran Treaties, which were significant agreements finalized in 1929 between the Holy See and Italy. These treaties addressed the long-standing issue of the status of the Vatican City, formally recognizing it as an independent sovereign state. This resolution came after the unification of Italy in the 19th century, during which the Papal States were incorporated into Italy, leading to tensions between the Italian government and the papacy.

The treaties established the Vatican's political and legal status, effectively granting it the privileges of a small, independent nation. This arrangement allowed the Pope to maintain his spiritual authority without interference from the Italian state, securing a degree of autonomy and establishing the Vatican City as a unique entity within international law.

The other options do not pertain directly to the content or implications of the Lateran Treaties. Territorial agreements between nations may relate to various geopolitical contexts, while the establishment of the United Nations is a post-World War II development unrelated to the treaties. Lastly, the rights of colonial territories reference issues pertinent to colonialism and self-determination, which do not connect with the specific diplomatic and religious arrangements made in the Lateran Treaties.