What year range did the Peloponnesian War cover?

The Peloponnesian War, which was a significant conflict in ancient Greek history, occurred between 431 and 404 BC. This war was fought primarily between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, along with their respective allies. It was a pivotal event that shaped the political landscape of ancient Greece and resulted in the eventual decline of Athenian power.

The specified years reflect the duration of this prolonged struggle, commencing with the archidamian war initiated by Spartan incursions into Athenian territory and concluding with the fall of Athens. This historical context is vital for understanding not only the events of the war itself but also its impacts on subsequent Greek history, including the rise of Macedon.

Other options represent conflicts from different time periods and regions, such as the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II, making them irrelevant to the question about the Peloponnesian War.