Which landmark case in 1954 declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional?

The landmark case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional is Brown v. Board of Education. This Supreme Court decision fundamentally changed the legal landscape of education in the United States by overturning Plessy v. Ferguson's "separate but equal" doctrine, which had allowed for racial segregation as long as ostensibly equal facilities were provided.

Brown v. Board of Education acknowledged that segregated schools were inherently unequal, thereby violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This case represented a significant victory for the Civil Rights Movement and set a precedent for the desegregation of public facilities across the country. It signified a transformative moment in American legal history, leading to the eventual dismantling of institutionalized segregation in various aspects of society.

The other cases mentioned, such as Miranda v. Arizona, which deals with the rights of individuals in police custody, and Loving v. Virginia, which addressed interracial marriage, while significant in their own right, do not pertain specifically to the issue of racial segregation in public education. Plessy v. Ferguson, decided in 1896, upheld state-level racial segregation laws under the "separate but equal" doctrine, which was explicitly challenged and overturned by the ruling in Brown v. Board