Which major conflict is known for having taken place between 1812 and 1815?

The War of 1812 is recognized as the significant conflict that occurred between 1812 and 1815. This war involved the United States and Great Britain, primarily stemming from issues such as trade restrictions, impressment of American sailors into the British Navy, and conflicts with Native American allies of Britain.

The war is notable for several key events, including the burning of Washington, D.C., the defense of Baltimore which inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner," and the Battle of New Orleans, which occurred after the peace treaty had been signed but before the news had reached the combatants. The War of 1812 is often viewed as a pivotal moment in the development of a national identity in the United States and affirmed American sovereignty.

Other conflicts mentioned in the options, such as the Peloponnesian War, Mexican War, and American Civil War, took place in different periods and contexts, making them unrelated to the timeframe and events of the War of 1812.